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	<title>circuitmaniac.com &#187; Protection against lightning</title>
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		<item>
		<title>VALVE TYPE ARRESTER</title>
		<link>http://www.circuitmaniac.com/2009/03/21/valve-type-arrester/</link>
		<comments>http://www.circuitmaniac.com/2009/03/21/valve-type-arrester/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 21 Mar 2009 14:26:49 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>John</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Lightning]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Power System]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Protection against lightning]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Surge Over Voltages]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Switchgear&Protection]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[non-linear resistor discs]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Valve type arresters spark gap]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://electricalandelectronics.org/?p=1495</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Valve type arresters incorporate non linear resistors and are extensively used on systems, operating at high voltages. Fig 12 (i) shows the various parts of a valve type arrester. It consists of two assemblies (i) series spark gaps and (ii) non-linear resistor discs in series. The non-linear elements are connected in series with the spark [...]]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>1</slash:comments>
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		<item>
		<title>EXPULSION TYPE ARRESTER</title>
		<link>http://www.circuitmaniac.com/2009/03/21/expulsion-type-arrester/</link>
		<comments>http://www.circuitmaniac.com/2009/03/21/expulsion-type-arrester/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 21 Mar 2009 13:46:06 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>John</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Lightning]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Power System]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Protection against lightning]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Surge Over Voltages]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Switchgear&Protection]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[EXPULSION TYPE ARRESTER]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[protector tube]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://electricalandelectronics.org/?p=1492</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[This type of arrester is also called ‘protector tube’ and is commonly used on system operating at voltages up to 33kV. Fig 11(i) shows the essential parts of an expulsion type lightning arrester. It essentially consists of a rod gap AA’ in series with a second gap enclosed within the fiber tube. The gap in [...]]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>MULTIGAP ARRESTER</title>
		<link>http://www.circuitmaniac.com/2009/03/21/multigap-arrester/</link>
		<comments>http://www.circuitmaniac.com/2009/03/21/multigap-arrester/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 21 Mar 2009 13:36:01 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>John</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Lightning]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Power System]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Protection against lightning]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Surge Over Voltages]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Switchgear&Protection]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Multigap arrester]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://electricalandelectronics.org/?p=1489</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Fig 10 shows the multigap arrester. It consists of a series of metallic (generally alloy of zinc) cylinders insulated from one another and separated by small intervals of air gaps. The first cylinder (i.e. A) in the series is connected to the line and the others to the ground through a series resistance. The series [...]]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>HORN GAP ARRESTER</title>
		<link>http://www.circuitmaniac.com/2009/03/21/horn-gap-arrester/</link>
		<comments>http://www.circuitmaniac.com/2009/03/21/horn-gap-arrester/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 21 Mar 2009 13:30:10 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>John</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Lightning]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Power System]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Protection against lightning]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Surge Over Voltages]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Switchgear&Protection]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Horn gap arrester]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[reactance to power frequency]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[reactance to transient frequency]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://electricalandelectronics.org/?p=1486</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Fig 9 shows the horn gap arrester. It consists of a horn shaped metal rods A and B separated by a small air gap. The horns are so constructed that distance between them gradually increases towards the top as shown. The horns are mounted on porcelain insulators. One end of horn is connected to the [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.circuitmaniac.com/2009/03/21/horn-gap-arrester/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>2</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>ROD GAP ARRESTER</title>
		<link>http://www.circuitmaniac.com/2009/03/21/rod-gap-arrester/</link>
		<comments>http://www.circuitmaniac.com/2009/03/21/rod-gap-arrester/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 21 Mar 2009 13:09:58 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>John</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Lightning]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Power System]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Protection against lightning]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Surge Over Voltages]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Switchgear&Protection]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[lightning arrester]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ROD GAP ARRESTER]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://electricalandelectronics.org/?p=1483</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[It is a very simple type of diverter and consists of two 1.5 cm rods, which are bent at right angles with a gap in between as shown in Fig 8. One rod is connected to the line circuit and the other rod is connected to earth. The distance between gap and insulator (i.e. distance [...]]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>1</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>LIGHTNING ARRESTERS</title>
		<link>http://www.circuitmaniac.com/2009/03/20/lightning-arresters/</link>
		<comments>http://www.circuitmaniac.com/2009/03/20/lightning-arresters/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 20 Mar 2009 13:40:33 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>John</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Lightning]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Power System]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Protection against lightning]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Surge Over Voltages]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Switchgear&Protection]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Expulsion type lightning arrester]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Horn gap arrester]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[LIGHTNING ARRESTERS]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Multigap arrester]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Rod arrester]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[surge diverter]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[TYPES OF LIGHTNING ARRESTERS]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Valve type lightning arrester]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://electricalandelectronics.org/?p=1480</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The earthing screen and ground wires can well protect the electrical system against direct lightning strokes but they fail to provide protection against travelling waves, which may reach the terminal apparatus. The lightning arresters or surge diverters provide protection against such surges. A lightning arrester or a surge diverter is a protective device, which conducts [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.circuitmaniac.com/2009/03/20/lightning-arresters/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>8</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>OVERHEAD GROUND WIRES</title>
		<link>http://www.circuitmaniac.com/2009/03/20/overhead-ground-wires/</link>
		<comments>http://www.circuitmaniac.com/2009/03/20/overhead-ground-wires/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 20 Mar 2009 13:28:12 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>John</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Lightning]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Power System]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Protection against lightning]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Surge Over Voltages]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Switchgear&Protection]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[OVERHEAD GROUND WIRES]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://electricalandelectronics.org/?p=1477</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The most effective method of providing protection to transmission lines against direct lightning strokes is by use of overhead ground wires as shown in Fig 6. For simplicity, one ground wire and one line conductor are shown. The ground wires are placed above the line conductors at such positions that practically all lightning strokes are [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.circuitmaniac.com/2009/03/20/overhead-ground-wires/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>EARTHING SCREEN</title>
		<link>http://www.circuitmaniac.com/2009/03/20/earthing-screen/</link>
		<comments>http://www.circuitmaniac.com/2009/03/20/earthing-screen/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 20 Mar 2009 13:17:21 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>John</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Lightning]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Power System]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Protection against lightning]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Surge Over Voltages]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Switchgear&Protection]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[EARTHING SCREEN]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://electricalandelectronics.org/?p=1474</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The power stations and sub-stations generally house expensive equipment. These stations can be protected against direct lightning strokes by providing earthing screen. It consists of a network of copper conductors (generally called shield or screen) mounted all over the electrical equipment in the substation or power station. The shield is properly connected to earth on [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.circuitmaniac.com/2009/03/20/earthing-screen/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>PROTECTION AGAINST LIGHTNING</title>
		<link>http://www.circuitmaniac.com/2009/03/20/protection-against-lightning/</link>
		<comments>http://www.circuitmaniac.com/2009/03/20/protection-against-lightning/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 20 Mar 2009 13:05:04 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>John</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Lightning]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Power System]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Protection against lightning]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Surge Over Voltages]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Switchgear&Protection]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://electricalandelectronics.org/?p=1471</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Transients or surges on the power system may originate from switching and from other causes but the most important surges are those caused by lightning. The lightning surges may cause serious damage to the expensive equipment in the power system (e.g. generators, transformers etc.) either by direct stroke on the equipment or by strokes on [...]]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>1</slash:comments>
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